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什么是應力腐蝕?

發布日期:2021-12-27

<p data-pid="--Y3BUpd" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 什么是應力腐蝕?</p> <p data-pid="--Y3BUpd" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 材料或零件在應力和腐蝕環境的共同作用下引起的開裂稱為應力腐蝕開裂,這是應力與腐蝕聯合作用的結果。如果只有一個方面,應力或者介質的作用,破壞不會發生,但當二者聯合作用時,卻能很快發生開裂。因此,發生應力腐蝕時,應力是很低的,介質的腐蝕性也是很弱的,也正由于此,應力腐蝕經常受到忽視,導致&ldquo;意外&rdquo;事故不斷發生,造成巨大危害和損失。</p> <p data-pid="_56unPYa" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-weight: 600;">◆分類</span></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="5CWmbe4l" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1、<a href="http://jrrdan.com/projectinfo-141.html">點腐蝕</a></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="RGJNK5LC" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 是一種導致腐蝕的局部腐蝕形式。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="vemHfgmR" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 2、<a href="http://jrrdan.com/projectinfo-38.html">晶間腐蝕</a></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="6eVAbyUP" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 晶粒間界是結晶學取向不同的晶粒間紊亂錯合的邊界,因而,它們是鋼中各種溶質元素偏析或金屬化合物(如碳化物和&delta;相)沉淀析出的有利區域。因此,在某些腐蝕介質中,晶粒間界可能先行被腐蝕乃是不足為奇的。這種類型的腐蝕被稱為晶間腐蝕,大多數的金屬和合金在特定的腐蝕介質中都可能呈現<a href="http://jrrdan.com/projectinfo-38.html">晶間腐蝕</a>。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="fKA6WXh3" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 3、<a href="http://jrrdan.com/projectinfo-36.html">縫隙腐蝕</a></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="V0UTgiXT" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 是局部腐蝕的一種形式,它可能發生于溶液停滯的縫隙之中或屏蔽的表面內。這樣的縫隙可以在金屬與金屬或金屬與非金屬的接合處形成,例如,在與鉚釘、螺栓、墊片、閥座、松動的表面沉積物以及海生物相接觸之處形成。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="7gjTfbbM" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 4、<a href="http://jrrdan.com/projectinfo-36.html">全面腐蝕</a></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="3IzgAma7" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 是用來描述在整個合金表面上以比較均勻的方式所發生的腐蝕現象的術語。當發生全面腐蝕時,材料由于腐蝕而逐漸變薄,甚至材料腐蝕失效。不銹鋼在強酸和強堿中可能呈現全面腐蝕。全面腐蝕所引起的失效問題并不怎么令人擔心,因為,這種腐蝕通??梢酝ㄟ^簡單的浸泡試驗或查閱腐蝕方面的文獻資料而預測它。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="zwYv8rDF" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-weight: 600;">◆特點</span></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="am0OxwKs" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1、造成應力腐蝕破壞的是靜應力,遠低于材料的屈服強度,而且一般是拉伸應力。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="Dp9IFSm6" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 2、應力腐蝕造成的破壞,是脆性斷裂,沒有明顯的塑性變形。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="gfZFVOt5" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 3、只有在特定的合金成分與特定的介質相組合時才會造成應力腐蝕。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="5XCHQu5I" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 4、應力腐蝕的裂紋擴展速率&mdash;般在10-9~10-6m/s,有點像疲勞,是漸進緩慢的,這種亞臨界的擴展狀況一直達到某一臨界尺寸,使剩余下的斷面不能承受外載時,就突然發生斷裂。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="ZSm51i4V" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 5、應力腐蝕的裂紋多起源于表面蝕坑處,而裂紋的傳播途徑常垂直于拉力軸。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="fzGB9NCq" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 6、應力腐蝕破壞的斷口,其顏色灰暗,表面常有腐蝕產物。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="oh9smpS9" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 7、應力腐蝕的主裂紋擴展時常有分枝。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="RJSKf3wl" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 8、應力腐蝕引起的斷裂可以是穿晶斷裂,也可以是晶間斷裂。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="PtxZc3W_" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-weight: 600;">◆措施</span></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="H09Mupno" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1、合理選擇材料</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="40KeUajh" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 針對零件所受的應力和使用條件選用耐應力腐蝕的材料,這是一個基本原則。如銅對氨的應力腐蝕敏感性很高,因此,接觸氨的零件應避免使用銅合金;又如在高濃度氯化物介質中,一般可選用不含鎳、銅或僅含微量鎳、銅的低碳高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼,或含硅較高的鉻鎳不銹鋼,也可選用鎳基和鐵一鎳基耐蝕合金。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="0iMXcaZW" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 在壓力管道工程中,下列介質組合容易發生應力腐蝕,應著力避免:</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <figure data-size="normal" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-38d2af59bc6f7dabc07dfb2cb643039f_b.jpg" data-caption="" data-lazy-status="ok" data-original="https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-38d2af59bc6f7dabc07dfb2cb643039f_r.jpg" data-rawheight="260" data-rawwidth="454" data-size="normal" src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-38d2af59bc6f7dabc07dfb2cb643039f_720w.jpg" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; margin: 0px auto; cursor: zoom-in; background-color: transparent; animation: fxRichTextFadeIn 0.5s ease-in 0s 1 normal none running;" width="454" /></figure> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="Re2Wcw-a" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 2、減少或消除零件中的殘余拉應力<br /> <br /> <br /> 殘余拉應力是產生應力腐蝕的重要條件。為此,設計上應盡量減小零件上的應力集中。從工藝上說,加熱和冷卻要均勻,必要時采用退火工藝以消除內應力?;蛘卟捎脟娡杌虮砻鏌崽幚?,使零件表層產生一定的殘余壓應力對防止應力腐蝕也是有效的。<br /> <br /> <br /> 3、改善介質條件<br /> <br /> <br /> 這可從兩個方面考慮:一方面設法減少或消除促進應力腐蝕開裂的有害化學離子,如通過水凈化處理,降低冷卻水與蒸汽中的氯離子含量對預防奧氏體不銹鋼的氯脆十分有效;另一方面,也可以在腐蝕介質中添加緩蝕劑,如在高溫水中加入300&times;10-6mol/L的磷酸鹽,可使鉻鎳奧氏體不銹鋼抗應力腐蝕性能大大提高。<br /> <br /> <br /> 4、采用電化學保護<br /> <br /> <br /> 由于金屬在介質中只有在一定的電極電位范圍內才會產生應力腐蝕,因此采用外加電位的方法,使金屬在介質中的電位遠離應力腐蝕敏感電位區域,這也是防止應力腐蝕的一種措施,一般采用陰極保護法。不過,對高強度鋼和其他氫脆敏感的材料,不能采用這種保護方法。有時采用犧牲陽極法進行電化學保護也是很有效的。<br /> &nbsp;</p> <figure data-size="normal" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; 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